235 lines
5.5 KiB
Text
235 lines
5.5 KiB
Text
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#set text(
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font : ("Noto Serif CJK TC"),
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size : 12pt,
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)
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#show heading: set block(below: 1.5em)
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#set heading(numbering: "1.")
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#set align(center)
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#block(
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[#set text(
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font : ("Noto Serif CJK TC"),
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size : 20pt,
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)
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*Ataabu 語言的實作*
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])
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#block(above : 2em,
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[#set text(
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font : ("Noto Serif CJK TC"),
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size : 14pt,
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)
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Tan, Kian-ting
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#set text(
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font : ("Noto Serif CJK TC"),
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size : 10pt,
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)])
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#set align(left)
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#outline(title:"目錄", indent: auto)
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#pagebreak()
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#set par(
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first-line-indent: 2em,
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justify: true,
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leading: 1.1em,
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)
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= 句法解釋
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以下針對這個語言的句法 (syntax)，進行解釋。
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== 語法草稿
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+ 該語法範例碼如下，AST以後再行生成：
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+ 一些注意事項：
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+ 不支援可變變數
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+ 不支援迴圈
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#block(
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```
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int x = 10; # 常數定義法，這是註解
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flo y = 10.1 + int2flo(x) / 3.0; # 浮點數
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str name = "John"; # 字串，預設用utf-8
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bool c = True; # 布林值，或是 False
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int x = ({int x -> int : return x + 1;})(5); # gets 6
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'''
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這是多行註解
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函數上面的多行註解會轉成 docString，先用 markdown 做子語言吧;
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底下爲列表和陣列
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'''
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List(int) a_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
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Array(int) a_array = array!([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
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# 以下是 doc string 的範例，前面要加 @doc：
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@doc '''
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# Desc
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find the sqrt sum of x and y
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# Args
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- x : lfs value
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- y : rhs value
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# Eg
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sqrtsum(3, 4) == 25; # True
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'''
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fn sqrtSum = int x, int y -> int :
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int z = x ** 2 + y ** 2;
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return z;
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fn isJohn = str s -> bool :
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return case {
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#print! 是巨集。!結尾是巨集名稱。 ++ 是字串相加
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s == john -> {print!("Hi, " ++ s ++ "!\n");
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True;}
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else -> False;
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};
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#不返回值(void)的時候也要標註 return;
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fn printCat = void -> void :
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print!("cat!");
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return ;
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# 多型：
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# @{} vars of Type with constraints
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fn map = @(A, B : Any) # or @(A, B in Any)
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(List A) origList; ( A -> B ) aFunction -> (List B) :
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return match origList{
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[] -> origList;
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[x:xs] -> cons(aFunction(origList),
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map(origList[1:], aFunction));
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};
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# 定義自定型別：
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type Person = Person(str name, int age);
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type Person = Person(str , int );
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type TrafficLight = Red | Yellow | Green;
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type List a = @(a : Any) Nil | Cons(a, List(a));
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Person peter = Person{"Peter", 17};
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print!(peter.name); # print "Peter"
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debug!(peter); #印出 Person{name : "Peter", age : 17}這樣。
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str myNameIsPeter = match peter
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{
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"Peter" _ -> "Is Peter ainm dom",
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_ _ -> "Ní Peter ainm dom"
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}
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str t = peter.name[5];
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#分行字串
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str multilineString = '''
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jumps over the lazy dog.
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'''
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# 將peter的內容克隆一份，然後屬性name改成"John"，傳予john
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Person john = peter[name <- "John"];
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```)
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#block(```
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@lang DSL # 匯入語言
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import datetime; #匯入模組
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importPath "/path/to/file.toy" #匯入路徑程式檔
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@doc '''
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這是給模組的 @doc，表示資訊
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'''
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```)
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== 語法生成文法
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以下用類似 BNF 文法來表示這個玩具語言：
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- `a{n}` 表示a出現n次
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- `a?` 表示a出現0,1次
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- `a*` 表示a出現0次以上
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- `a+` 表示a出現1次以上
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- `#` 註解
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- `\x` 脫逸字元 \x
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- `ID` identifier
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- `(not a [b…])` 不是 a (, b…) 的字元，方括號[]內表示非必要，可選。
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- `ASCII_SPACE` : Ascii 的半形空白字元
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- `CHAR`：任意字元
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- `$`：指1個以上空白或縮排字元。
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- `$*`：指0個以上空白或縮排字元。
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`
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ALL = LANG_HEADER? EMPTY_LINE* IMPORTS? EMPTY_LINE* (DOCSTRING)? BODY # 所有的內容
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#匯入
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IMPORTS = IMPORT {EMPTY_LINE* IMPORT}+
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IMPORT = IMPORTLIB $ NL | IMPORT_PATH $ NL
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IMPORTLIB = import $ ID # 匯入自函式庫
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IMPORT_PATH = importPath $ ( $ " NON_EMPTY_STRING " $ ) #匯入自檔案路徑
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#定義DSL
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LANG_HEADER = # $ lang $ ID #使用語言的模式
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# 定義DocumentString
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DOCSTRING = @ $ doc $ DOCSTR_CONTENT
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#定義DocumentString的細部。本段放在另一個解析器，x = anotherParser(DOCSTRCONTENT)
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DOCSTR_CONTENT = ''' NL # $ DOCSTR_SECTION $ NL DOCSTR_SECTION_EXPLANATION'''
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DOCSTR_SECTION = ID
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# docstring的各項解釋，開頭不能用井號
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DOCSTR_SECTION_EXPLANATION = {NON_HASH_CHAR NON_EMPTY_STRING NL}+
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BODY = BODY_LINE*
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BODY_LINE = INLINE_COMMENT | VAR_DEF | EXPR | TYPE_DEF | MACRO_DEF | EMPTY_LINE
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INLINE_COMMENT = $* # NON_NL_CHAR+ NL
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VAR_DEF = $* TYPE_ID $ VAR_ID $* = $* EXPR $* ;
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# Type Definition, eg.
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# type List a = @(a : Any) Nil | Cons(a, List(a));
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TYPE_DEF = Type $ TYPEID $* = $* POLYMOR? $ SUM_TYPE ;
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SUM_TYPE = PRODUCT_TYPE $* { | $* PRODUCT_TYPE $*}*
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PRODUCT_TYPE = UNIRY_CONSTRUCT | RECORD | STRUCT;
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UNIRY_CONSTRUCT = CONSTRUCT_ID;
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RECORD = CONSTRUCT_ID $* ( $* CONSTRUCT_LIST $* )
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CONSTRUCT_LIST = CONSTRUCT {$*, $* CONSTRUCT}*
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CONSTRUCT = TYPE_VAR TYPE_AUG?
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TYPE_AUG = $* ( $* TYPE_VAR TYPE_AUG_REMAINED* $* )
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TYPE_AUG_REMAINED = $*, $* TYPE_VAR
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# 定義 structure 和 attribution
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STRUCT = ATTR_ID $* ( $* ATTR_LIST $* )
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ATTR_LIST= ATTR {$*, $* ATTR}+
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ATTR = CONSTRUCT ATTR_ID
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ATTR_ID = ID
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TYPE_ID = ID
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# 空行
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EMPTY_LINE = SPACE_TAB* NL
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#換行
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NL = \n | \r
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#非半形井號字元
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NON_HASH_CHAR = (not #)
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#非換行字元
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NON_NL_CHAR = (not \n \r)
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NON_EMPTY_STRING = CHAR+ #非空串
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EMPTY_STRING = CHAR{0} #空字串
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STRING = NON_EMPTY_STRING | EMPTY_STRING
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SPACE_TAB = ASCII_SPACE | \t #空白與縮排字元，簡稱為 $
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ID = [a-zA-Z_][_a-zA-Z0-9]* # identifier, in regexp
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```
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