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<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Contents</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">基本函數介紹</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#id2">四則運算</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#id3">布爾值</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#id4">流程控制</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#id5">影印字元</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#id6">定義變數 (=)</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#id7">非函數</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#id8">函數（閉包）</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#lambda-function">匿名函數 (lambda function)</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="%E5%9E%8B%E5%88%A5.html">型別</a></li>
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<li>基本函數介紹</li>
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<div class="section" id="id1">
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<h1>基本函數介紹<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<div class="section" id="id2">
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<h2>四則運算<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt>
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<code class="sig-name descname">+ : (-> int int int)</code></dt>
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<dd></dd></dl>
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<p>整數相加。</p>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt>
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<code class="sig-name descname">- : (-> int int int)</code></dt>
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<dd></dd></dl>
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<p>整數相減。</p>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt>
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<code class="sig-name descname">* : (-> int int int)</code></dt>
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<dd></dd></dl>
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<p>整數相乘。</p>
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<dl class="py function">
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<dt>
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<code class="sig-name descname">/ : (-> int int int)</code></dt>
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<dd></dd></dl>
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<p>整數相除，得商數。除以 0 的時候跳出特例，中止程式。如果用 C 語言表示的話：</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">static</span> <span class="n">jmp_buf</span> <span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="o">...</span>
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<span class="n">void</span> <span class="n">int_div_closure_thunk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Object</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">closure</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Object</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">lhs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Object</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">rhs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Object</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">){</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lhs</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">value</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">){</span>
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<span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Exception: Div 0 Error."</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="n">longjmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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||
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="o">...</span>
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<span class="nb">int</span> <span class="n">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">void</span><span class="p">){</span>
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||
<span class="nb">int</span> <span class="n">jmpVal</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">setjmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">);</span>
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||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jmpVal</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">){</span>
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<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">main_body</span>
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<span class="p">}</span><span class="k">else</span><span class="p">{</span>
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||
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">exit</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">program</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">exception</span>
|
||
<span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Exit the program with the exception"</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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||
<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">+. : (-> dou dou dou)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>浮點數相加。</p>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">-. : (-> dou dou dou)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>浮點數相減。</p>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">*. : (-> dou dou dou)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>浮點數相乘。</p>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">/. : (-> dou dou dou)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>浮點數相除。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="id3">
|
||
<h2>布爾值<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">and : (-> bool bool bool)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
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||
|
||
<p>AND。</p>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">or : (-> bool bool bool)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
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||
|
||
<p>OR。</p>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
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||
<dt>
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||
<code class="sig-name descname">not : (-> bool bool)</code></dt>
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||
<dd></dd></dl>
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||
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<p>NOT。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="id4">
|
||
<h2>流程控制<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">(if cond then alt)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>若 cond 為真則返回 then，否則返回 alt。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="id5">
|
||
<h2>影印字元<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">print-str : (-> str void)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>列印字串。<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">void</span></code> 表示不返回任何東西。</p>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">int-to-str : (-> int str)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>整數轉成十進位字串（10 為 base）。</p>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">dou-to-str : (-> int str)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>浮點數轉成十進位字串（10 為 base）。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="id6">
|
||
<h2>定義變數 (=)<a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="section" id="id7">
|
||
<h3>非函數<a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>語法如下：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">Type</span> <span class="n">var</span> <span class="n">expression</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>例如：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">int</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="p">(</span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">dou</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">3.1</span> <span class="mf">7.0</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>..note</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>因為 tshunhue 裡面，所有變數都是不可變物件， ``define`` 不可以拿來重新設定值。定義閉包也一樣。
|
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</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
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</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="id8">
|
||
<h3>函數（閉包）<a class="headerlink" href="#id8" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p id="defining-lambda">閉包的定義比較複雜。但大致如下：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">Type</span> <span class="n">var</span> <span class="k">lambda</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">function</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>例如：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>(def (-> int int) int-add1 (\ ((int x)) (+ x 1)))
|
||
(def (-> dou dou dou) sqrt-sum (\ ((dou x)(dou y)) (+. (*. x x) (*. y y))))
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="lambda-function">
|
||
<h2>匿名函數 (lambda function)<a class="headerlink" href="#lambda-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>定義：</p>
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">(\ () body+)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">(\ ((Type var)) body+)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="py function">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<code class="sig-name descname">(\ ((Type1 var1)(Type2 var2)[...]*) body+)</code></dt>
|
||
<dd></dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>所有函數都是第一類物件與閉包，用 lexical scope 保存前文變數。</p>
|
||
</div>
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